Forskningsprogram i mortalitet og morbiditet

Mortalitet og morbiditet ved svær psykiatrisk sygdom

 

Forskningsprogrammet er etableret 1. januar 2016. Seneste opdatering 15. februar 2024.

Forskningsprogrammet retter sig mod at undersøge forekomst og betydning af somatisk og psykiatrisk co-morbiditet ved svære psykiatriske lidelser, samt udvikling af psykiatriske lidelser i befolkningen.

Udover udarbejdelse af originalarbejder rummer aktiviteterne udarbejdelse af oversigtsarbejder.

Programmet fokuserer på klinisk forskning i bred forstand, herunder også nationale registerprojekter. Deltagere i forsøg rekrutteres fra forskellige settings. 

Programansvarlig

Professor, overlæge, ph.d. René Ernst Nielsen.

René Ernst Nielsen primære forskningsinteresser er registerbaseret forskning i mortalitet og morbiditet ved svær psykiatrisk sygdom samt forskning i affektive sindslidelser. Han fungerer som vejleder for flere projekter under forskningsprogrammerne Affektive Sindslidelser og Mortalitet og Morbiditet ved Svær Psykiatrisk Sygdom. Ved siden af sine forskningsmæssige aktiviteter fungerer René Ernst Nielsen som overlæge i Psykiatrien, Region Nordjylland og varetager funktionen som assisterende redaktør på Nordic Journal of Psychiatry og BMC Psychiatry.

Vejlederfunktioner

Vejledning på alle niveauer, inklusiv ph.d.-niveau, og i alle projektfaser fra idefase til manuskript fase.

Udvalgte samarbejdspartnere

Internationalt

Christoph Correll, Berlin, Tyskland
Marco Solmi, Ottowa, Canada
Laurent Boyer, Marseille, Frankrig

Nationalt

Christoffer Polchwiartek, Aalborg, Danmark
Svend Eggert Jensen, Aalborg, Danmark
Jakob Hartvig Thomsen, København, Danmark

Igangværende projekter

Trends and correlates of all-cause and specific-cause mortality in patients with severe psychiatric disorders

Projektleder: René Ernst Nielsen (Aalborg)

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen

Øvrige deltagere: Christoph Correll (New York), Maria Rodrigo Domingo (Aalborg)

Projektbeskrivelse: Formålet er at undersøge forskellige kendte risikofaktorers relative betydning for generel og specifik mortalitet hos patienter med svære psykiatriske lidelser.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: NA

Projektstatus: Data er indhentet og analysefase påbegyndt.

Publikationsstatus: Manuskript under udarbejdelse.

 

Coronary artery disease as a cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from schizophrenia

Projektleder: René Ernst Nielsen & Christoffer Polchwiartek (Aalborg)

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen

Projektbeskrivelse: Formålet er undersøge forekomst af risikofaktorer for hjertekarsygdom i en kohorte af patienter som karakteriseres med psykometriske mål. Alle er diagnosticerede med skizofreni og der har været lavet baseline undersøgelse og på nuværende tidspunkt foregår opfølgning af samme patienter, ligesom der udarbejdes registerbasede undersøgelser og reviews.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: Psykiatrisk afdeling og kardiologisk afdeling, Aalborg Universitetshospital

Projektstatus: Dataindsamling pågår til opfølgning. Analyser pågår på baseline data og opfølgningsdata.

Publikationsstatus: Under udarbejdelser.

Publiceret seneste 3 år:

  1. P Kugathasan, RE Nielsen. Somatik og overdødelighed hos patienter med skizofreni. Ugeskr Læger 2018; 180: V07170573
  2. P Kugathasan, TM Laursen, S Grøntved, SE Jensen, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen. Increased long-term mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018 Sep; 199: 103-108
  3. P Kugathasan, HT Horsdal, J Aagaard, S Eggert Jensen, TM Laursen, RE Nielsen. Mortality and exposure to secondary preventive cardiovascular medications following myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 1;75(12):1234-1240
  4. P Kugathasan, M Berg Johansen, M Bak Jensen, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen. Coronary artery calcification and mortality risk in patients with severe mental illness: A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 2
  5. Kugathasan P, Stubbs B, Aagaard J, Jensen SE, Laursen TM, Nielsen RE. Increased mortality from somatic multimorbidity in patients with schizophrenia: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140: 340-348
  6. Kugathasan P, Wu H, Gaughran F, Nielsen RE, Pritchard M, Dobson R, Stewart R, Stubbs B. Association of physical health multimorbidity with mortality in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Using a novel semantic search system that captures physical diseases in electronic patient records. Schizoph Res 2020; 216: 408-415
  7. Attar R, Jensen SE, Pedersen CT, Andell P, Nielsen RE, Kragholm K. Time trends in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based therapy and all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Cardiology 2020; 145 (7): 401-409
  8. Trab T, Nielsen RE, Jensen SE. Relevans af koronarforkalkning for kardiovaskulær risikovurdering hos patienter med skizofreni. Ugeskr laeger 2020; 182 (31)
  9. Nielsen RE, Banner J, Jensen SE.Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18 (2): 136-145
  10. M Omar, C Polcwiartek, J Fleischer, JB Valenten, J Aagaard, SE Jensen, RE Nielsen. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Schizophrenia. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2021.
  11. ASK Aarøe, KA Mæng, RL Jacobsen, SE Jensen, C Graff, C Polcwiartek, EB Mark, AB Dalsgaard, CT Hostrup, P Veiss-Pedersen, JB Frøkjær, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen. Hepatic steatosis in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2021.
  12. C Polcwiartek, D Loewenstein, K Johansson, C Graff, DJ Friedman, RE Nielsen, K Kragholm, C Torp-Pedersen, P Søgaard, SE Jensen, BD Atwater. Associations Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Severe Mental Illness, and Adverse Outcomes. Accepted for publication. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2021
  13. T Trab, R Attar, SE Jensen, S Grøntved, SB Frækjær, C Polcwiartek, RE Nielsen. Coronary artery calcium in patients with schizophrenia. Accepted for publication. BMC Psychiatry. 2021.
  14. R Attar, JB Valentin, P Andell, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. International Journal of Cardiology. Accepted for publication 2022.
  15. Psychotropic drug use in Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): a Danish Nationwide Matched Cohort Study of 2,404 AML and 1,307 MDS Patients. OJ Jensen, AK Øvlisen, LH Jakobsen, AS Roug, RE Nielsen, CW Marcher, LH Ebbesen, K Theilgaard-Mönch, P Møller, C Schöllkopf, C Torp-Pedersen9, TC El-Galaly, MT Severinsen. Accepted for publication. Clinical Epidemiology. 2021.
  16. Time Trends of Coronary Procedures, Guideline-Based Drugs and All-cause Mortality Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. L Phillipsen, N Würtz, C Polcwiartek, K Kragholm, C Torp-Pedersen, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen, R Attar. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2022.
  17. Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Tests using a handheld device in the diagnosis of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in patients with Schizophrenia. Brcelic MAR; Bassi KFK; Jensen SE; Nielsen RE; Kragholm K; Fleischer J; Laugesen E; Polcwiartek C. American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice. Accepted for publication. 2023.
  18. Increased Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Schizophrenia. LR Jørgensen, CL Hegtmann, SV Straszek, C Høyer, C Polcwiartek, LJ Petersen, MK Dalgaard, SE Jensen, RE Nielsen. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. Accepted for publication. 2023.

 

The MAPP II Study - Monitoring of Arrhythmias in Patients treated with antiPsychotics

Projektleder: Jakob Hartvig Thomsen

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen

Øvrige deltagere: Investigatorer fra hele Danmark

Projektbeskrivelse: Formålet er undersøge forekomst af arytmier hos patienter der er eksponeret for antipsykotika ved hjælp af indopereret loop-recorder.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: Psykiatrisk afdeling og kardiologisk afdeling, Aalborg Universitetshospital. Del af landsdækkende projekt.

Projektstatus: Dataindsamling pågår.

Publikationsstatus: Ikke påbegyndt.

 

Does Li lower the risk of glaucoma - a Danish nationwide 18 - year register study

Projektleder: René Ernst Nielsen & Tomas Hajek (Halifax, CA)

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen

Øvrige deltagere: Orestes Forlenza (Sao Paulo), Marcelo Nicolela (Halifax, CA), Henrik Vorum (Aalborg)

Projektbeskrivelse: Undersøge om lithium eksponering mindsker risiko for at udvikle glaukom, som proxymål for neuroprotectiv effekt.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: Psykiatrisk afdeling, Aalborg Universitetshospital.

Projektstatus: Dataanalyse pågår.

Publikationsstatus: Ikke påbegyndt.

 

Is long-term exposure to doxycycline during adolescence associated with lower risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Projektleder: René Ernst Nielsen & Phillip Ritter (Dresden, DE)

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen

Øvrige deltagere: Carl Sellgren (Stockholm, SE)

Projektbeskrivelse: Undersøge om doxycycline eksponering i ungdom mindsker risiko for diagnostik af bipolar lidelse eller skizofreni.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: Psykiatrien, Aalborg Universitetshospital.

Projektstatus: Dataanalyse pågår.

Publikationsstatus: Ikke påbegyndt.

 

EU-mind

Projektleder: Laurent Boyer (Marseille, Fr)

Kontaktperson Aalborg: René Ernst Nielsen
Øvrige deltagere: Heidi Taipale (Finland), Peter Lindgren (Sverige), Jari Tiihoonen (Sverige), Andrzej Kiejna (Polen), Mirko Manchia (Italien), Véronique Briquet-Laugier (Frankrig)

Projektbeskrivelse: Formålet med EU-MIND er at producere viden og evidens om epidemiologi, organisation og behandlingsforløb for samtidige mentale og fysiske lidelser hos mennesker med svær psykiatrisk sygdom ved hjælp af rutinemæssigt indsamlet befolkningsbaserede data (franske, svenske, finske og danske databaser) samt patienternes synspunkt på deres behandling på en stor europæisk skala, og derefter at udvikle en europæisk patientplatform til at optimere patientens behandlingsforløb og bidrage til en personcentreret sundhedspleje.

Klinisk forankring i Region Nord: Psykiatrien, Aalborg Universitetshospital.

Projektstatus: Protokol færdiggjort og funding opnået.

Publikationsstatus: Ikke påbegyndt.

 

 

Peer reviewed publikationer under forskningsprogrammet

 

  1. RE Nielsen, A Lolk, JB Valentin, K Andersen. Cumulative dosages of antipsychotic drugs is associated with increased mortality-rate in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016 Oct;134(4):314-320
  2. Z Kovacs, JB Valentin, RE Nielsen. Psychiatric disorders, self-harm behavior, and service use, in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017 Feb;135(2):149-158.
  3. RE Nielsen, A Lolk, M Rodrigo-Domingo, JB Valentin, K Andersen. Antipsychotic treatment effects on cardiovascular, cancer, infection, and intentional self-harm as cause of death in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Eur Psychiatry 2016 Dec 12; 42: 14-23
  4. P Kugathasan, RE Nielsen. Somatik og overdødelighed hos patienter med skizofreni. Ugeskr Læger 2018; 180: V07170573
  5. RE Nielsen, JB Valentin, A Lolk, K Andersen: Effects on antipsychotics on secular mortality trends in patients with Alzheimer´s Disease. Jo Clini Psych 2018 May/Jun; 79(3) pii: 17m11595
  6. P Kugathasan, TM Laursen, S Grøntved, SE Jensen, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen. Increased long-term mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018 Sep; 199: 103-108
  7. PS Hansen, MF Laursen, S Grøntved, SP Straszek, RW Licht, RE Nielsen. Increasing mortality gap for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder – a nationwide study with twenty years of follow-up. Bipolar Disord 2019; 21 (3): 270-275
  8. RE Nielsen, KB Hessellund, JB Valentin, RW Licht. Second-generation LAI are associated to favorable outcome in a cohort of incident patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018 Dec; 202:234-240
  9. P Kugathasan, HT Horsdal, J Aagaard, S Eggert Jensen, TM Laursen, RE Nielsen. Mortality and exposure to secondary preventive cardiovascular medications following myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 1;75(12):1234-1240
  10. LH Lomholt, DV Andersen, C Sejrsgaard-Jacobsen, CM Øzdemir, C Graff, O Schjerning, SPV Straszek, RW Licht, S Grøntved, RE Nielsen. Mortality rate trends in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder – a nationwide study with twenty years of follow-up. Int J Bipolar Disord 2019; 7: 6
  11. P Kugathasan, M Berg Johansen, M Bak Jensen, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen. Coronary artery calcification and mortality risk in patients with severe mental illness: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 2
  12. RE Nielsen, P Kugathasan, S Straszek, SE Jensen, RW Licht. Why are somatic diseases in bipolar disorder insufficiently treated? Int Bipolar Disord 2019; 7: 2
  13. Kugathasan P, Stubbs B, Aagaard J, Jensen SE, Laursen TM, Nielsen RE. Increased mortality from somatic multimorbidity in patients with schizophrenia: a Danish nationwide cohort study.Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140: 340-348
  14. Kugathasan P, Wu H, Gaughran F, Nielsen RE, Pritchard M, Dobson R, Stewart R, Stubbs B. Association of physical health multimorbidity with mortality in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Using a novel semantic search system that captures physical diseases in electronic patient records. Schizoph Res 2020; 216: 408-415
  15. Attar R, Jensen SE, Pedersen CT, Andell P, Nielsen RE, Kragholm K. Time trends in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based therapy and all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.Cardiology 2020; 145 (7): 401-409
  16. Øvlisen AK, Jakobsen LH, Kragholm KH, Nielsen RE, Hutchings M, Dahl-Sørensen RB, Frederiksen H, Stoltenberg D, Bøgsted M, Østgård LS, Severinsen MT, El-Galaly TC. Depression and Anxiety in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study of 945 Patients. Cancer Med 2020; 9 (12): 4395-4404
  17. Vernal DL, Boldsen SK, Lauritsen MB, Correll CU, Nielsen RE. Long-term Outcome of Early-Onset Compared to Adult-Onset Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Danish Register Study. Schizoph Res 2020; 88 (5): 796-803
  18. Hansen AS, Rask CU, Pristed SG, Christensen J, Nielsen RE. Incidence Rates and Characteristics of Pediatric Onset Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Pediatr Res 2020; 88 (5): 796-803
  19. Murru A, Manchia M, Hajek T, Nielsen RE, Rybakowski JK, Sani G, Schulze TG, Tondo L, Bauer M.Antiviral effects of lithium: a narrative review. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8: 21
  20. Trab T, Nielsen RE, Jensen SE.Relevans af koronarforkalkning for kardiovaskulær risikovurdering hos patienter med skizofreni. Ugeskr laeger 2020; 182 (31)
  21. Nielsen RE, Banner J, Jensen SE.Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18 (2): 136-145
  22. AS Hansen, RE Nielsen, J Christensen, J Stone, CU Rask. Commentary: Stigma surrounding functional seizures. Pediatr Res 2020; 88 (5): 684-685
  23. M Omar, C Polcwiartek, J Fleischer, JB Valenten, J Aagaard, SE Jensen, RE Nielsen. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Schizophrenia. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2021.
  24. M Solmi, J Fiedorowicz, L Poddighe, M Delogu, M Alessandro, A Hoye, IH Heiberg, B Stubbs, L Smith, H Larsson, R Attar, RE Nielsen, S Cortese, JI Shin, P Fusar-Poli, J Firth, LN Yatham, A Carvalho, DJ Castle, M Seeman, CU Correll. Disparities in screening and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with mental disorders across the world: systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 observational studies. Accepted for publication. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2021.
  25. 25)AS Hansen, CU Hansen, A Christensen, M Rodrigo-Domingo, J Christensen, RE Nielsen. Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Accepted for publication. Neurology. 2021.
  26. JK Zakarias, A Nørgaard, C Jensen-Dahm, C Gasse, T Laursen, H Palm, RE Nielsen, G Waldemar. Risk of hospitalization and hip fracture associated with psychotropic polypharmacy in patients with dementia. Accepted for publication. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2021.
  27. ASK Aarøe, KA Mæng, RL Jacobsen, SE Jensen, C Graff, C Polcwiartek, EB Mark, AB Dalsgaard, CT Hostrup, P Veiss-Pedersen, JB Frøkjær, J Aagaard, RE Nielsen. Hepatic steatosis in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2021.
  28. C Polcwiartek, D Loewenstein, K Johansson, C Graff, DJ Friedman, RE Nielsen, K Kragholm, C Torp-Pedersen, P Søgaard, SE Jensen, BD Atwater. Associations Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Severe Mental Illness, and Adverse Outcomes. Accepted for publication. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2021
  29. T Trab, R Attar, SE Jensen, S Grøntved, SB Frækjær, C Polcwiartek, RE Nielsen. Coronary artery calcium in patients with schizophrenia. Accepted for publication. BMC Psychiatry. 2021.
  30. R Attar, JB Valentin, P Andell, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. International Journal of Cardiology. Accepted for publication 2022.
  31. Psychotropic drug use in Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): a Danish Nationwide Matched Cohort Study of 2,404 AML and 1,307 MDS Patients. OJ Jensen, AK Øvlisen, LH Jakobsen, AS Roug, RE Nielsen, CW Marcher, LH Ebbesen, K Theilgaard-Mönch, P Møller, C Schöllkopf, C Torp-Pedersen9, TC El-Galaly, MT Severinsen. Accepted for publication. Clinical Epidemiology. 2021.
  32. Mental Health Among Patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: a Danish Nationwide Study of Psychotropic Drug Use in 8,750 Patients and 43,750 Matched Comparators. AK Øvlisen, LH Jakobsen, KH Kragholm, RE Nielsen, P de Nully Brown, RB Dahl-Sørensen, H Frederiksen, PL Josefsson, AL Al-Mashhadi, JM Jørgensen, A Dessau-Arp, MR Clausen, RS Pedersen, C Torp-Pedersen, MT Severinsen, TC El-Galaly. Accepted for publication. American Journal of Hematology. 2022.
  33. Time Trends of Coronary Procedures, Guideline-Based Drugs and All-cause Mortality Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. L Phillipsen, N Würtz, C Polcwiartek, K Kragholm, C Torp-Pedersen, RE Nielsen, SE Jensen, R Attar. Accepted for publication. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2022.
  34. Real-world effects of anti-dementia treatment on mortality in patients with Alzheimer´s dementia. RE Nielsen, S Grøntved, A Lolk, K Andersen, JB Valentin. Medicine. 2022. Accepted for publication.
  35. Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Tests using a handheld device in the diagnosis of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in patients with Schizophrenia. Brcelic MAR; Bassi KFK; Jensen SE; Nielsen RE; Kragholm K; Fleischer J; Laugesen E; Polcwiartek C. American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice. Accepted for publication. 2023.
  36. Increased Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Schizophrenia. LR Jørgensen, CL Hegtmann, SV Straszek, C Høyer, C Polcwiartek, LJ Petersen, MK Dalgaard, SE Jensen, RE Nielsen. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. Accepted for publication. 2023.
  37. Treatment Provided in Children and Adolescents with Functional Seizures – A Danish Nationwide Cohort. NB Sørensen, RE Nielsen, A Christensen, MK Kjeldsen CU Rask, J Christensen, AS Hansen. Children 2023, 10, 1218.
  38. Regional differences in mortality risk and attenuating or aggravating factors in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. M Solmi, G Croatto, M Fornaro, LK Schneider, SC Rohani-Montez, L Fairley, N Smith, I Bitter, P Gorwood, H Taipale, J Tiihonen, S Cortese, E Dragioti, ED Rietz, RE Nielsen, J Firth, P Fusar-Poli, C Hartman, RIG Holt, A Hoye, A Koyanagi, H Larsson, K Lehto, P Lindgren, M Manchia, M Nordentoft, K Skonieczna-Żydecka, B Stubbs, D Vancampfort, MD Prisco, E Vieta, Christoph U. Correll for the ECNP Physical And meNtal Health Thematic Working Group (PAN-Health ). European Neuropsychopharmacology. Accepted for publication. 2023.
  39. Physical activity, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and death among individuals with mental or other medical disorders: a systematic review of observational studies. N Fabiano, A Gupta, S Wong, J Tran,  IYZ Mohammad, S Bal, JG Fiedorowicz, J Firth, B Stubbs, D Vancampfort, FB Schuch, LJ Carr, R Shorr, S Cortese, M Manchia, CA Hartman, A Høye, P Fusar-Poli, A Koyanagi, E Vieta, RE Nielsen, RIG Holt, CU Correll, ED Rietz, H Taipale, K Lehto, H Larrson, M Nordentoft,  E Dragioti, K Skonieczna-Żydecka,M Solmi on behalf of the ECNP Physical And meNtal (PAN-)Health group. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. Accepted for publication. 2024.
  40. Severe mental illness: cardiovascular risk assessment and management. C Polcwiartek, K O’Gallagher, DJ Friedman, CU Correll, M Solmi, SE Jensen, RE Nielsen. European Heart Journal. Accepted for publication 2024.